EGFR and melanoma: EGFR (ERBB1) is a neural crest-associated gene that is found to be highly expressed in subpopulations of melanoma tumour cells exhibiting an undifferentiated or neural crest stem cell-like (NCSC) gene expression signature, including upregulation of SOX9, NGFR and AXL, downregulation of SOX10, and a highly invasive phenotype (Sun et al., 2014; Tsoi et al., 2018).