STAT3 has been extensively studied in the context of melanoma, where its constitutive activation is shown to promote melanoma cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion, and contribute to immune evasion by stimulating persistent expression of VEGF (Kortylewski et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2012; Swoboda et al., 2021; Graziani et al., 2022). Here, VEGFA is linked to melanoma.