STAT3 and melanoma: In addition, as Janus kinases (JAK) are upstream mediators of STAT3 activation and signalling, a range of JAK inhibitors under investigation in clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy against melanoma in preclinical studies (Wu K. J. et al., 2017), and subsequently have the potential to be repurposed to block anoikis resistance by targeting JAK/STAT signalling in melanoma cells (Table 5).