MTOR and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: This strategy has allowed the identification of at least 23 independent genetic loci associated with IPF susceptibility and has revealed novel molecular processes involved in IPF pathogenesis including host defense, cell–cell adhesion, DNA repair, airway clearance, innate immunity, profibrotic signaling pathways, mTOR signaling, and mitotic signaling (15, 16, 70, 93, 94, 101).