ATG5 and Parkinson disease: Cu2-xSe-anti-TRPV1 nanoparticles (CS-AT NPs) could assist opening microglial surface TRPV1 channels under secondary near-infrared (NIR-II) laser irradiation and further induces Ca2 + infux with activation of ATG5 and Ca2 + /CaMKK2/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways, which promotes phagocytosis and degradation of α-syn in PD (Figure 4B; Yuan et al., 2022).