CD274 and neoplasm: In general, “immunologically cold” tumors such as B16F10 melanoma exhibit limited APC functions, leading to an inability to accumulate cytotoxic infiltrating lymphocytes, upregulated PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, and poor response to ICIs in advanced stages, thereby evading antitumor immunity (Lechner et al., 2013; Twyman-Saint Victor et al., 2015).