In this system, we co-cultured the human NSCLC cell line HCC827 cells and PBMCs from NSCLC patients with different concentrations of PD-1 mAb (Fig. 1A), and analyzed the death rates and exhaustion of T cells and NK cells in the co-culture system by gating CD45+CD3+ cells and CD45+CD3−CD19− cells, respectively (Fig. 1B). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.