IGHE and allergic rhinitis: In animal models, probiotic supplementation can protect the organism from spontaneous and chemically induced colitis by downregulating inflammatory cytokines or inducing regulatory mechanisms in a strain-specific manner; in animal models of allergen sensitization and murine models of asthma and allergic rhinitis, oral probiotics can reduce allergen-specific IgE production in an allergen-dependent manner by modulating systemic cytokine production (Ballan et al., 2020), Ahmed et al.