In malaria, TLR7 recognizes RNA from Plasmodium, induces the robust production of type I IFN via the downstream signaling, and further upregulates the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ to initiate the pro-inflammatory cytokines response, which is an important mechanism of anti-Plasmodium infection during the early stage. The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is malaria.