Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) co-expresses with TIM-3 on CD8+ T cells to promote TEX, with TIM-3CEACAM1 CD8+ T cells exhibiting the most dysfunctional status and least IFN-γ production capability in CRC (127). Here, CD8A is linked to colorectal carcinoma.