Importantly both the % of FXIII+AM (r=-0.6; p=0.001) and the number of DC-1 in peripheral airways (r=-0.7; p=0.001) correlated with the degree of airway obstruction [FEV1/FVC% (Figures 6A ,B), and FEV1% pred: r=-0.5, p=0.001; r=-0.6, p=0.001 respectively) as did the CD8+ (FEV1/FVC% and FEV1% pred: r=-0.5, p=0.001 and r=-0.6; p=0.001 respectively) and CXCR3+ cells (FEV1/FVC% and FEV1% pred: r=-0.6, p=0.002 and r=-0.5, p=0.001 respectively). Here, CXCR3 is linked to Airway obstruction.