However, several studies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSLCLC), confirmed that even if patients showing high expression level of PD-L1 on cancer cells were having the greater survival improvement upon ICB, anti-PD1 immunotherapy was still beneficial across all treated groups, even in patients having moderate to undetectable level of PD-L1 (2, 5, 6). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.