In addition, AD patients have higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (sTNFR)-1 and sTNFR-2, which previous studies have shown to exacerbate the major pathological changes in AD (Aβ and tau pathology) (Decourt et al., 2017; Shen et al., 2019; Varesi et al., 2022a). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.