FOXP3 and cancer: β-glucan/galactan polysaccharides on the cell surface of Bifidobacterium bifidum were demonstrated to be crucial for the induction of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells that display suppressive capacity to experimental colitis.216 Thus, it is not surprsing that B. bifidum can regulate intestinal homestasis and prevent cancer initiation.216 The findings above emphasize the potential of Bifidobacterium in cancer treatment or prevention by affecting immune control and mucosal protection.