NFATC3 and neoplasm: F. rodentium and Holdemanella biformis (human homolog) are absent or lost in the course of tumorigenesis,217 both of which can produce SCFAs that control the proliferation of tumor cells and protein acetylation through the suppression of calcineurin and NFATc3 activation.217 Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations occur in more than 80% of CRCs when F. rodentium is applied to ApcMin/+ mice, or tumor growth in mice can be mitigated by treatment with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate.