In contrast, deregulation of these tubulin modifications was found in diseased muscles and overexpression of tubulin tyrosine ligase was used to attenuate contraction-induced injuries in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model and to improve the contractile kinetics in cardiomyocytes (Kerr et al. 2015; Chen et al. 2018). The gene discussed is TTL; the disease is Duchenne muscular dystrophy.