NRG1 and infarction: For example, the cardioactive growth factor neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) released by ECs can promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and growth, as well as being capable of regulating the myocardial response to infarction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy [292,293,294,295]; endothelin-1 secreted by ECs can regulate cardiomyocyte contractility and induce tissue remodeling [296].