In the IHD, AVS, and IHD/AVS groups, median Lp(a) levels were significantly higher compared with the oCVD group (12.0 mg/dL in the oCVD group, 15.0 mg/dL in the IHD and AVS groups, and 19.0 mg/dL in the IHD/AVS group, p < 0.001 for all comparisons) (Table 1). Here, LPA is linked to myocardial ischemia.