Probiotic treatment (1) promoted the recovery of body weight reduced after pilocarpine-induced epileptic status, (2) suppressed the TLE-induced increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine Il1b gene expression in the temporal cortex and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine Il1rn in several brain regions studied, (3) reduced neuronal loss in the amygdala, and (4) attenuated TLE-induced anxiety changes in rats. The gene discussed is IL1RN; the disease is Anxiety.