EGFR and cancer: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an upstream regulator of STAT3 phosphorylation in cancer stem cells [64,65], and therefore has critical roles in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis [66]; specifically, EGFR inhibition in mESCs significantly reduces cell proliferation and gene expression of pluripotency markers, disrupts embryonic body (EB) formation, and upregulates differentiation genes (Gata4).