Despite a large body of evidence supporting the clear pro-tumoral role of CCL2, the effect of therapeutic anti-CCL2 antibodies in pre-clinical validation ranges from prolongation of survival [22,36], reduction in metastasis [22,37], reduction in infiltrated myeloid cells [23], impacts on the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages [38], to no significant effect on tumor growth and myeloid cell infiltration [39,40], whilst the anti-CCL2 antibody Carlumab (CNTO-888) lacked efficacy in a clinical trial of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer as a single agent [41]. Here, CCL2 is linked to neoplasm.