Given that neuron-to-microglia crosstalk and CX3CL1 sustain core functions involved in AD pathogenesis, such as hippocampal neurogenesis, memory and learning processes and quiescent microglia status [27], several studies investigated the possible role of the CX3CL1 signalling pathway in AD onset and progression, to clarify whether the chemokine, or some molecules belonging to its signalling pathway, can be considered as a valuable target for AD treatment strategies. The gene discussed is CX3CL1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.