SERPINE1 and arteriosclerosis: This increases vascular permeability, thus encouraging the production of more adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ET-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), which accelerate the development of vascular sclerosis [94,95,96].