TGFB1 and neoplasm: CSF1 can induce macrophage recruitment and induce polarization in M2 macrophages, which promote neoplastic development by inhibiting CD8+ lymphocyte activity and producing immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, which inhibit effective anti-tumor response, and factors such as Vascular-Endothelial Growth Factor, which promotes angiogenesis and matrix remodeling enzymes which modify the extracellular matrix and thus promote tissue remodeling, in turn enhancing tumor growth and invasiveness [166,169].