The CDK8 submodule can interact directly with transcription factors independently of the mediator complex to regulate signaling pathways including Notch-dependent signaling, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor signaling, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling, so it is a potential drug target for breast and prostate cancers [41]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Familial prostate cancer.