The enrichment analysis of the 153 dysregulated proteins in subjects with dementia compared with those in individuals with MCI (Figure 3C, Table S4) showed that they are mainly enriched in the immune system (adjusted p = 3.54 × 10−11); 15 of these proteins were shown to be involved in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway (adjusted p-value = 0.0001), including CCL28, CCL27, CXCL13, CD40, IL4R, IL1B, IL17C, IL17D, TNFRSF11A, TNFRSF14, and TNFRSF13B. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11A and dementia.