In conclusion, the present study is one of the first to explore the relationship between the NGF and BDNF expression in serum and tears of humans, and to show that altered ratio of mature and precursor NTs in these fluids correspond to the ophthalmological symptoms (proptosis and CAS), and the psycho-cognitive profile of GO patients. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is geroderma osteodysplastica.