PINK1 and Parkinson disease: It has been found that disruption of activating transcription factor associated with stress-1 (ATFS-1), a major regulator of UPRmt, significantly reduced Parkinson’s disease-related-1 (PDR-1) mutants and accelerated the loss of dopamine neurons in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) worms, while activation of UPRmt in PDR-1 and PINK1 worms protected these mutants from the adverse effects of abnormal mitochondrial form and function, promoting the survival of dopamine neurons in PD [30].