MMP2 and cancer: The expression of MMPs transcriptionally regulated by E-cadherin cleavage fragments (MMP-2,9, and 14) [52] or harboring association with reflux-attributed cancer (MMP1) were upregulated by acidified pepsin 24 h following 15 min stimulation; induction was rescued by alginate but not the placebo (Figure 5 and Supplemental Table S1).