Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), a protective response that restores proteostasis by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), is an important pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis-associated ALI, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) plays an important role in ERS-induced apoptosis [122,123]. The gene discussed is DDIT3; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.