The adjusted hazard ratios for nonfatal MI and stroke, all-cause mortality, and MACEs in the highest vs. lowest PON1 activity quartiles were 4.4, 2.4, and 3.4, respectively, for paraoxonase and 4.5, 2.2, and 2.9, respectively, for arylesterase and were independent in multivariate analysis in models (separate for paraoxonase and arylesterase) adjusted for all traditional cardiac risk factors, including the Framingham ATP-III risk score (including diabetes status), log C-reactive protein, body mass index, and medication use (statins and aspirin). The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is stroke disorder.