The antibodies targeting the T cell inhibitory checkpoint proteins, namely, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) protein, and the PD1 ligand (PDL1), have been approved for the treatment of a variety of cancers, including melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hepatocellular carcinoma, and several types of tumors [87]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.