TNF and colitis: Vivo results showed that 3-IAld significantly improved the intestinal pathological damage in DSS-induced colitis mice; reduced serum inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β; improved intestinal barrier function; inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/p38 signaling pathway in the intestine; and balanced amino acid metabolism in the serum of mice, thereby protecting mice from colitis injury.