IFNG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Adipose tissue, which expands and undergoes remodeling during obesity, contributes to vascular EC dysfunction by secreting vasoconstrictor mediators and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, interferon-gamma (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [113,114,115,116].