Interestingly, whereas asthma patients present with increased VEGF levels, Th2 and predominant eosinophilic phenotype, and hypervascularity, COPD patients are found to have decreased VEGF levels, prevailing Th1 and neutrophilic response, and loss of alveolar septal capillaries with emphysema [41,223]. Here, VEGFA is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.