The expression of CSF1 was elevated in the epithelial compartment of Rosa26 VAV1 mice, whereas the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) was highly expressed in B-cell lymphomas, thus raising the possibility that CSF1 released from epithelial cells overexpressing VAV1 led to increased signaling in B-cells expressing CSF1R, leading to the development of B-cell lymphomas [82]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.