In control animals, Mapk9 mRNA was upregulated in the colon due to the absence of Muc13 expression, whereas the mRNA levels of Mapk1, Mapk9, Rock2 and Snai1 were also affected upon acute colitis in Muc13−/− mice compared to their wildtype counterparts (Figure 7B and Figure S3). Here, MAPK1 is linked to colitis.