However, the induction of mitophagy by FOXO3a may protect gliomas from TMZ-induced cytotoxicity [21,27]; it has been suggested that early mitochondrial dysfunction and HMOX1 activation may synergize to trigger lethal mitophagy, contributing to the cell death of natural compound AT 101 in glioma cells [93]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and glioma.