A recent study based on the extrapolation of TCGA data on 533 ccRCC patients showed the classical epithelial marker E-cadherin (E-cad) to be decreased, while the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (N-cad), SNAI1, vimentin (VIM), TWIST1 to be increased in ccRCC primary tumours, compared to control normal tissues [13]. Here, TWIST1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.