At the same token, to see if this multi-marker approach would work in developing a diagnostic signature for ccRCC patients, we analysed the combined mRNA expression profile of TGFB1, G6PD, AKR1B1, CD44, CD105, and CD133 using the Kaplan Meier plot and the GEPIA database as these markers showed significant upregulation in primary tumours versus adjoining normal kidney tissues in the CPTAC sample cohort. Here, TGFB1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.