Even though the expression of some of the markers, such as VIM, TGFβ1, G6PD, AKR1B1, CD44, CD105 and CD133, was significantly high in primary tumours compared to normal kidney tissues, based on CPTAC analysis, the trend did not completely follow in the primary versus metastatic tumour cohort done by in vitro IHC analysis on in-house collected samples. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.