ACTA1 and metastatic neoplasm: Figure 6B shows no difference in the expression of α-SMA in adjacent normal kidney tissues and primary ccRCCs (UALCAN database). Similar expression patterns between the primary and metastatic tumours were observed in in-house collected samples (Figure 6C). However, the matched primary and metastatic tumours showed higher expression of α-SMA than the primary tumours (Figure 6D).