CNT-mediated ROS generation leads to activation of cellular signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein serine-threonine kinase (Akt), which contribute to the proinflammatory response, tumor progression, and lung fibrosis [80]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.