These advances in survival were also seen in the melanoma adjuvant setting where, initially, the CTLA-4 inhibitor ipilimumab, 3 or 10 mg/kg (ipi3 or ipi10, respectively) (Yervoy®, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA), and later the PD-1 inhibitors pembrolizumab (Keytruda®, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, USA) and nivolumab (Opdivo®, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA) demonstrated significant benefits and have become the current standard of care [5]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is melanoma.