NFKB1 and cancer: Okuyama et al., (2023) highlights the important synergistic contribution of the host environment, immune system, and oral microbiome that emphasizes a synergistic effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusibacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermida on the initiation of gingival squamous cell carcinoma through the induction of NF-κB-mediated immune responses that may promote cancer survival, oncogenic pathway activation, and aid in cancer cell migration and invasion [27].