Using paired single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing in four ICI-naïve and two ICI-treated metastatic ccRCC patients, Krishna et al. dissected the RCC immune microenvironment, finding 5 CD8+ T cell phenotypic clusters, 5 CD4+ T cell clusters, 2 monocyte clusters, 3 dendritic cell clusters and 4 TAM clusters. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.