Following clinical reports [120], a recent immunohistochemical study assessing the abundance of the inflammation-associated Toll-like-Receptor 2 (TLR-2) showed increased numbers of TLR-2-positive microglia in the iLBD SNc compared to PD [88], suggesting inflammatory changes occur at early stages and prior to the development of PD symptoms. This evidence concerns the gene TLR2 and Parkinson disease.