PPIB and cancer: CRNDE can be involved in Wnt/β-catenin49,50, PI3K/AKT/mTOR51,52, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)53 and Notch154, and several other cancer-related signaling pathways to promote tumor cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, promote invasion, migration and treatment resistance, which are considered as oncogenes55,56.