In vivo results revealed that autophagy agonist treatment with shHOTAIRM1 or autophagy inhibitor therapy with overexpression of HOTAIRM1 did not inhibit HCC growth in those mice compared to control mice, but the combination of autophagy inhibitor and shHOTAIRM1 or even shHOTAIRM1 alone was significantly more effective than other treatments (naked-eye observation of images of the individual Huh7-R orthotopic tumor on day 15 in Fig. 6B, mean tumor volumes on day 15 in Fig. 6C, and mean tumor volumes on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 in Fig. 6D). Here, HOTAIRM1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.