These findings indicate that AP-1 can mediate the activation of TGF-β signaling to promote the occurrence of renal fibrosis.[26] As a member of the NF-κB protein superfamily, P65 (RELA) is mainly involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression, while its role in developing chronic kidney disease is gradually increasing. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.