In 2009, Hwang et al demonstrated that NT-proBNP levels were an independent predictor of AF recurrence in a group of patients with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF after multivariate analysis.[28] Besides, NT-proBNP may be a possible biomarker of the hormonal status subsequently reflecting the hormonal remodeling of the atria in patients with AF.[27] Meanwhile, some studies have failed to find a significant association between NT-proBNP and AF recurrence. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.