TPO and malnutrition: TPO in turn stimulates thrombopoiesis in bone marrow [45]; (ii) TPO can stimulate differentiation, proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes; (iii) tumor cells can accelerate platelet destruction and then induce compensatory thrombocytopenia; and (iv) malnutrition, chronic blood loss from tumor depletion, and myeloproliferative diseases can also cause thrombocytosis [58].