Since HFD-induced NAFLD model displays less severe pathological outcomes than that of CD-HFD and human NASH, particularly the fibrogenesis process39, we further investigated whether UGDH-mediated RIPK1 suppression plays a role in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced NAFLD by feeding mice with a conventional HFD for 16 weeks to induce moderate hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene UGDH and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.