Likewise, mock-TuBo tumor-bearing mice treated with IWR-1, compared to vehicle-treated mice, showed reduced G-CSF serum levels, accompanied by decreased local PMN-MDSCs infiltration of the primary tumor TME, as well as reduced systemic PMN-MDSCs levels in the blood and spleen, thus fully recapitulating the conditions observed in p140Cap-TuBo tumor-bearing mice (Fig. 9f, g). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neoplasm.