Mounting evidence from various behavioral tasks (e.g., the Morris water maze, shuttle-box test, and object recognition test) has shown that exposure to simulated microgravity using the HLS model produces cognitive impairment resulting from increased levels of ROS, reduced BDNF expression, or alterations in neurotransmitter levels as well as impaired synaptic plasticity (Wang et al., 2016; Xiang et al., 2019). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Cognitive impairment.