The weight of reviewed evidence is conflicting (limited full-text review conducted). Whilst a relevant study, (58) concludes that rifampicin as a model steatogenic chemical, but it was not listed or recognised as such in an earlier literature review for proposing reference chemicals for (in vitro) steatosis test methods (16).Rifampicin is a positive control chemical for PXR activation, especially in humans. The gene discussed is NR1I2; the disease is steatosis.